Volume, Velocity, and Variety are the three Vs in the original definition of the key characteristics of big data in the research report published by META Group, Inc. (now Gartner, Inc.) [2]. Since then, other factors have also been considered, including Variability (consistency of data over time), Veracity (trustworthiness of the data obtained), and Value. These characteristics are summarized in Fig. 2 along with the key features that each captures. Veracity is important for big data as, for example, personal health records may contain typographical errors, abbreviations, and cryptic notes. Ambulatory measurements are sometimes taken within less reliable, uncontrolled environments compared to clinical data, which are collected by trained practitioners. The use of spontaneous unmanaged data, such as those