shown in Fig. X1.1 of ASTM E 1885-97 (2003). The assessors were
instructed to chew each of the three samples in the triad a minimum
of 10 times before expectorating back into the serving
container. The assessors were then asked to identify which sample,
out of the three, was different based on appearance, smell and taste.
Saltine crackers were used as palate cleansers between samples.
The test was conducted under ambient lighting conditions. The
assessors were equally spaced throughout the room and instructed
not to speak to one another during the test. All samples were coded,
and codes were broken and results examined by a Ph. D. microbiologist
who was not a part of the assessor group.
The minimum number of assessors needed for the test was
determined from Table A1.1 in ASTM E 1885-97. To be >95% certain
(b ¼ 0.05 and a ¼ 0.05) that no more than 50% (pd ¼ 50%) of consumers
would be able to detect a difference if ListShield™ was
applied to RTE foods, the number of assessors necessary is n ¼ 23. In
order to cover the assessors in a balanced random order with each
of the possible triads, 24 assessors were used. Thus, six assessors (3
male and 3 female) evaluated four RTE food products to make up
the 24 respondents. The assessors ranged from 24 to 65 years of age
and none had prior sensory testing experience. All assessors read
and signed the Informed Consent forms.