In the past decade, West Nile virus has emerged in the Americas,becoming endemic throughout the region; chikungunya, a formerly obscure arbovirus endemic to East Africa, has also emerged, causing millions of cases in the Indian Ocean basin and mainland South and Southeast Asia; and the Japanese encephalitis virus has expanded range in the Indian subcontinent and Australasia, where it chiefly affects children(Tolle,2009).
In the past decade, West Nile virus has emerged in the Americas,becoming endemic throughout the region; chikungunya, a formerly obscure arbovirus endemic to East Africa, has also emerged, causing millions of cases in the Indian Ocean basin and mainland South and Southeast Asia; and the Japanese encephalitis virus has expanded range in the Indian subcontinent and Australasia, where it chiefly affects children(Tolle,2009).
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