2.7. Temperature changes during retort heating
To monitor sample temperature during retort heating, a temperature
data logger (button-shaped, diameter 8.675mm, height 6.4mm) (Hyper
Thermochron, KN Laboratories) was inserted into the center of each
sample. The monitoring was done five times.
2.8. F0 measurement
F0 value was calculated as the accumulated thermal death effect on
the spores of Clostridium botulinum, one of the most common food
poisoning-causing bacteria. Lethal rate, L, was calculated using the