The analysis is based on data from the ESS 5 from 2010, including 14 countries.15 Job sat- isfaction is measured by means of a question asking respondents how satisfied they are with their main job (their answers are coded on an 11-point scale). The respondent’s feeling about their household income (ranging from ‘very difficult to get by’ to ‘living comfortably’) is our second indicator of subjective labor market disadvantage. We measure objective job quality with two variables as well: the first question asks about replaceability, that is, respondents evaluate how long it would take someone with the right qualifications to do his or her job right (with answers ranging from 1 ‘one day or less’ to 8 ‘more than five years’). The last in- dicator we use refers to the possibility of updating skills and knowledge in the current job by asking whether the respondent had the possibility to improve his or her skills or knowledge in the past 12 months. Both variables indicate how the respondent feels about his or her chances for career advancement and value for the employer: employers are more interested in retaining and investing in employees that are difficult to replace. Employees with low replaceability are indeed less concerned about their job security (Goldthorpe, 2000; Emmenegger, 2009). In addition, prospects for career advancement should be lower for employees who are easy to