We report here a new method of titanium surface modification through ammonia (NH3) plasma immersion
ion implantation (PIII) technique and its effect on the cellular behaviors of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic
cells. The NH3 PIII-treated titanium substrates (NH3–Ti) were characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS),
which showed that NH3–Ti had a nitrogen-rich surface. However, there was no significant difference
between the surface morphology of NH3–Ti and unmodified Ti. When MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured
on NH3–Ti substrates, it was found that cell proliferation was accelerated at 4 and 7 days of culture.
Meanwhile, cell differentiation was evaluated using type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OC) and bone
sialoprotein (BSP) as differentiation markers. It was found that expression of COL I and OC genes was
up-regulated on NH3–Ti substrates. However, no significant difference was found in BSP gene expression
between NH3–Ti and unmodified Ti substrates. Therefore, findings from this study indicate that surface
modification of titanium through NH3 PIII favors osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and as a
result, it may be used to improve the biocompatibility of Ti implants in vivo.
We report here a new method of titanium surface modification through ammonia (NH3) plasma immersionion implantation (PIII) technique and its effect on the cellular behaviors of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasticcells. The NH3 PIII-treated titanium substrates (NH3–Ti) were characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS),which showed that NH3–Ti had a nitrogen-rich surface. However, there was no significant differencebetween the surface morphology of NH3–Ti and unmodified Ti. When MC3T3-E1 cells were culturedon NH3–Ti substrates, it was found that cell proliferation was accelerated at 4 and 7 days of culture.Meanwhile, cell differentiation was evaluated using type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OC) and bonesialoprotein (BSP) as differentiation markers. It was found that expression of COL I and OC genes wasup-regulated on NH3–Ti substrates. However, no significant difference was found in BSP gene expressionbetween NH3–Ti and unmodified Ti substrates. Therefore, findings from this study indicate that surfacemodification of titanium through NH3 PIII favors osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and as aresult, it may be used to improve the biocompatibility of Ti implants in vivo.
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