These elements together constitute the Lockeian version of what C.B. Macpherson has called a theory of ‘possessive individualism.’ Under this theory, individuals define themselves, attain social status, and relate to others largely through the institutions of private property, contract, and market that help to create wealth but also generate and legitimate persistent inequalities (Macpherson, 1962). On the other hand, Locke believed, as already noted, in a natural human sociability and concern for the interests of others that might mitigate these inequalities. Peter Laslett, describing Locke’s theory of property as ‘incomplete, not a little confused and inadequate to the problem as it has been analysed since his day,’ has viewed that theory as quite consistent with state-mandated regulation and redistribution, perhaps even nationalization, of private property and wealth. More generally, according to Laslett, Locke was perhaps the first philosopher to regard ‘citizenship … as a specific duty, a personal challenge in a world where every individual either recognized his responsibility for every other, or disobeyed his conscience’ (Locke [1690] 1960: 117–20, 135).