Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), and Functional Reach
Test (FRT). The BBS consists of sitting, standing, and posture change, with a total of 14 items. The total possible score is 56
points, with a higher score indicating better balance. The FTSST involves sitting on a 43-cm-high chair without leaning the
back and repeatedly standing up five times rapidly, with the unaffected arm holding the paralyzed arm. The FRT measures the
starting and end points of both arms while holding them up at 90° and standing comfortably, without losing balance