swine and their environment as reported by Callaway
et al. (2005). Salmonella contamination is usually found
in the raw animal feedstuffs for example soybean oil,
palm, rice brand, and cotton seeds, and from moving new
animal onto farms (Davies and Hinton, 2000; Bahnson et
al., 2006). Moreover, Percival et al. (2004) reported that
most Salmonella found in the environment were mainly
non-motile strains. However, contamination by S. typhi
(typhoid fever) and S. paratyphi was found in 4.62% of
dry manure and post-biogas wastewater samples although