The axle guiding system is responsible for the connection of the axle with the bogie frame.
This is carried out through one radial arm bush per axle box, which joins the radial arm with
the frame. The longitudinal and lateral stiffness of the bush is turned to optimal running
stability, low wear and lowest possible wheel/ track forces.
The primary springs (steel coil springs) are located above the wheel set bearings. Acoustical
and Electrical isolation against the bogie frame is achieved by rubber elements between the
springs and the bogie frame.
One hydraulic damper per axle box is arranged parallel to the springs to dampen the vertical
and pitching movements of the bogie. All dampers must be from the same supplier.