The interaction of local personnel with "low self-monitors' who lack sensitivity to local
comexpectations, bined with the local personnel's exposure to ideas, concepts, and procedures from the foreign parent, is likely to result over time in a partial replication of the parent culture (Kilduff 1993). one-way transfer of It is quite obvious that a managers is likely to foster the development of an ethnocentric corporate culture opposed to a global or geocentric' (Perlmutter 1969) culture. Although the socialization of foreign personnel can enhance integration and thereby lower the barriers to international knowledge transfers, attempts to impose elements of a foreign culture on a domestic work force can trigger defensive routines (Argyris 1985, 1993). In addition, ethnocentric company cultures may have a negative impact on innovation because they limit the propensity for outside the bor thinking (Forsgren 1997: from By contrast, the opportunity to benefit a greater variety of knowledge bases and perspectives is enhanced by global corporate cul tures such cultures characteristically have