The shrub layer consists mainly of shrubs.
-Shrubs, like trees, have woody stems.
-But unlike trees, they have more than one stem, and none of the stems grows as tall as a tree.
-Forests with a dense canopy an understorey may have only a patchy shrub layer.
-The trees in such forests filter out so much light that few shrubs can grow beneath them.
- Most forests with a more open canopy and understorey have heavy shrub growth.
-Man birds and insects live in the shrub layer.