Questions for paradigm
Postpositivism
Constructivism
Ontology
• Reality is independent and objective.
• Reality is probabilistic. (It is needed to be tested and verified.)
• Reality is dependent because reality is constructed.
• Reality is not universal.
Epistemology
• Researcher and reality are independent.
• Researcher and reality are dependent.
• Researcher and reality cannot be separated.
Methodology
• Researcher begins with a theory, collects data that either supports or refutes the theory.
• Researcher reveals the reality and discovery the truth by interpreting the situation through his/her experiences.