Straw needs to be gathered from the field and compressed into bales to make it compact and easy to
transport. With the introduction of combine harvesters, the collection of rice straw has become harder
and more costly. This created negative impacts on other businesses that use rice straw. Mechanization
of rice straw collection was introduced in Vietnam in 2013 and it has rapidly developed since. Most of
the rice straw produced in the dry season in the Mekong River Delta (MD) of Vietnam is collected for
mushroom and for livestock fodder production or for use as mulching materials. In order to quantify the
performance of the mechanical operation of rice straw collection, this study conducted an analysis of
energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission (GHGE), and cost of rice straw collection in the MD for five
collection machines that operated on the same field, the same rice variety, and the same harvest time
under a demonstration in the MD. With rice straw yield of 4.72 t per ha, the collection machines operated
at a capacity of 0.87–2.47 t per hour. This mechanized operation can reduce labor requirement by 90%.
Specific weight of baled straw was from 73 to 104 kg per cubic meter, which is heavier by 50–100% than
that of loose-form straw, at a moisture content of 12.4 (±1.21)% in wet basis. Total energy consumption,
ranging from 351 to 588 MJ per ton of straw collected, accounted for 10–17% of the total energy input
using this collected straw for biogas production. Energy consumption from fossil fuels results in GHGE
of 60–165 kg CO2 equivalent per ton of collected straw. The cost of straw collection, which ranged from
US$12 to US$18 per ton of straw in the MD, accounted for 10–20% of the total investment cost of biogas or
mushroom production. This study illustrated the feasibility of the mechanization of rice straw collection
for further processing. Despite the GHGE of this may cause through the consumption of fossil fuels,
mechanized rice straw collection creates more benefits such as avoiding in-field burning, producing
feedstock for further sustainable processing, and adding value to rice production.
Straw needs to be gathered from the field and compressed into bales to make it compact and easy totransport. With the introduction of combine harvesters, the collection of rice straw has become harderand more costly. This created negative impacts on other businesses that use rice straw. Mechanizationof rice straw collection was introduced in Vietnam in 2013 and it has rapidly developed since. Most ofthe rice straw produced in the dry season in the Mekong River Delta (MD) of Vietnam is collected formushroom and for livestock fodder production or for use as mulching materials. In order to quantify theperformance of the mechanical operation of rice straw collection, this study conducted an analysis ofenergy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission (GHGE), and cost of rice straw collection in the MD for fivecollection machines that operated on the same field, the same rice variety, and the same harvest timeunder a demonstration in the MD. With rice straw yield of 4.72 t per ha, the collection machines operatedat a capacity of 0.87–2.47 t per hour. This mechanized operation can reduce labor requirement by 90%.Specific weight of baled straw was from 73 to 104 kg per cubic meter, which is heavier by 50–100% thanthat of loose-form straw, at a moisture content of 12.4 (±1.21)% in wet basis. Total energy consumption,ranging from 351 to 588 MJ per ton of straw collected, accounted for 10–17% of the total energy inputusing this collected straw for biogas production. Energy consumption from fossil fuels results in GHGEof 60–165 kg CO2 equivalent per ton of collected straw. The cost of straw collection, which ranged fromUS$12 to US$18 per ton of straw in the MD, accounted for 10–20% of the total investment cost of biogas ormushroom production. This study illustrated the feasibility of the mechanization of rice straw collectionfor further processing. Despite the GHGE of this may cause through the consumption of fossil fuels,mechanized rice straw collection creates more benefits such as avoiding in-field burning, producingfeedstock for further sustainable processing, and adding value to rice production.
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