Procedure
In individually-administered sessions conducted in a quiet room on school grounds, participants completed two sets of tasks. For the first set of tasks, participants used educational mathematics applications on two tablet computers (i.e., iPad & LeapFrog LeapPad 2) while gaze data was recorded with a desktop mounted 60Hz FaceLab 5 eye tracker (see Figure 1). Using the eye tracker entailed a four-point calibration procedure in which participants look at the four corners of the tablet computer screen while the eye tracker triangulates their gaze position for each location. The calibration procedure was conducted twice for each participant, once per tablet computer. After a successful calibration, the researcher demonstrated how to begin each educational application and participants used each application for a total of two-minutes. This duration was chosen so that the data would capture children’s initial interaction with an educational application (i.e., a learning phase). Following the use of each application, participants’ engagement with the application was assessed using self-report. Half of all participants used the iPad first and half used the LeapPad first. The order of the applications on each tablet computer was also cross-balanced. For the second set of tasks, participants completed four cognitive measures assessing short-term memory, working memory, and attention. All participants completed the cognitive tasks in the same order.