F. Earth pressure on wall facing
(1) The rigidity and slope of a wall facing affect the development of lateral
pressure and displacement at facing.
(2) The earth pressure is reduced with a decrease in facing stiffness, while the
facing deformation is only slightly increased for a decrease in stiffness.
G. Settlement and bearing capacity improvement techniques
(1) Surcharge (two-phase construction) to hasten anticipated settlement
(2) Drainage (wick drain) to hasten anticipated settlement in fine-grain silt
and clay substructure materials
(3) Excavation and compaction of a portion of weak foundation material
(4) Addition of reinforcement to subsoil
(5) Use of lightweight fill material to minimize loads beyond existing precompression
of foundation materials
H. Methods of reducing settlement on reinforced mass
(1) Increasing compaction of fill material
(2) Using more reinforcements (length, area, and spacings of reinforcements)
(3) Cement treatment of fills
(4) Reducing clay content of fill
(5) Using high-density in situ micronails