Collaborative networks, then, are collections of government
agencies, nonprofits, and for-profits that work together to provide a public good,
service, or ‘‘value’’ when (a) a single public agency is unable to create the good or service
on its own and (b) the private sector is unable or unwilling to provide the goods or services
at all or in the desired quantities ‘‘commodity’’ services like trash collection, electrical generation, and even penal services and education.