In these studies, all the WSNs were developed based on a
simple topology; multi-hop network and node energy consumption
were not considered. Clustering is an efficient technique
to reduce the energy consumption of a multi-hop
network (Abbasi et al., 2007). Many different methods are
proposed to design the cluster-based WSN (Heinzelman
et al., 2000; Karaboga et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2009; Thein
et al., 2010). However, those protocols cannot guarantee that
the desired number of cluster heads is determined and the
cluster heads are not uniformly deployed across the network
In these studies, all the WSNs were developed based on asimple topology; multi-hop network and node energy consumptionwere not considered. Clustering is an efficient techniqueto reduce the energy consumption of a multi-hopnetwork (Abbasi et al., 2007). Many different methods areproposed to design the cluster-based WSN (Heinzelmanet al., 2000; Karaboga et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2009; Theinet al., 2010). However, those protocols cannot guarantee thatthe desired number of cluster heads is determined and thecluster heads are not uniformly deployed across the network
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