At the other end of the scale, hard adventurers thrive when exposed to ‘activities with high levels of risk, requiring intense commitment and advanced skills’ (Hill, 1995: 63). They are far more likely to engage in physically as well as mentally challenging outdoor activities that demand a lot of previous experience and high levels of competence. Hard adventurers procure their ‘adrenaline rush’ from taking risks; sometimes they can control these risks because of level of experience they have, and other times they cannot. According to Lipscombe (1995), hard adventure tourists thrive from the elements of challenge, danger and risk that contribute towards the adventure. Activities that appeal to this type of tourist include moutaintaineering, sea kayaking, cannoning, bridge jumping, venturing to remote destinations (e.g. Mongolia), and going on safari in some of the untouched, less-visited wildlife areas in Africa.