Virginia Apgar, M.D., the first woman to become a full professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, designed the first standardized method for evaluating the newborn's transition to life outside the womb—the Apgar Score.
By the time she graduated from high school,Virginia Apgar was determined to be a doctor. She may have been inspired by her father's scientific hobbies, or by her eldest brother's early death from tuberculosis, and another brother's chronic childhood illness. With the help of several scholarships, she attended Mt. Holyoke College, performing in the college orchestra as a gifted violinist and cellist and graduating with a major in zoology in 1929.
Apgar entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University just before the Wall Street crash of October 1929, the beginning of the Great Depression. Despite financial problems, she graduated fourth in her class in 1933. Determined to become a surgeon, she won a surgical internship at Columbia and performed brilliantly. Nevertheless, the chair of surgery, Dr. Alan Whipple, discouraged her from continuing because other women he had trained in surgery failed to establish successful careers in the specialty. Whipple also believed that innovations and improvements were needed in anesthesia (at that time handled mostly by nurses) if surgery was to advance, and he saw in Apgar "the energy, intelligence, and ability needed to make significant contributions in this area." Because anesthesiology was not generally recognized as a specialty until the mid-1940s, Apgar struggled to find a training program when she completed her surgical residency in 1937. She spent six months training with Dr. Ralph Waters' department of anesthesia, the first in the United States, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She then spent six months with Dr. Ernest Rovenstine at Bellevue Hospital in New York.
Virginia Apgar, M.D., the first woman to become a full professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, designed the first standardized method for evaluating the newborn's transition to life outside the womb—the Apgar Score.By the time she graduated from high school,Virginia Apgar was determined to be a doctor. She may have been inspired by her father's scientific hobbies, or by her eldest brother's early death from tuberculosis, and another brother's chronic childhood illness. With the help of several scholarships, she attended Mt. Holyoke College, performing in the college orchestra as a gifted violinist and cellist and graduating with a major in zoology in 1929.Apgar entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University just before the Wall Street crash of October 1929, the beginning of the Great Depression. Despite financial problems, she graduated fourth in her class in 1933. Determined to become a surgeon, she won a surgical internship at Columbia and performed brilliantly. Nevertheless, the chair of surgery, Dr. Alan Whipple, discouraged her from continuing because other women he had trained in surgery failed to establish successful careers in the specialty. Whipple also believed that innovations and improvements were needed in anesthesia (at that time handled mostly by nurses) if surgery was to advance, and he saw in Apgar "the energy, intelligence, and ability needed to make significant contributions in this area." Because anesthesiology was not generally recognized as a specialty until the mid-1940s, Apgar struggled to find a training program when she completed her surgical residency in 1937. She spent six months training with Dr. Ralph Waters' department of anesthesia, the first in the United States, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She then spent six months with Dr. Ernest Rovenstine at Bellevue Hospital in New York.
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