Birth events
a) Stratified analysis by care-providers
Women supported by a hospital staff member were more likely to have a spontaneous vaginal
birth (RR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.06]), less likely to have an instrumental vaginal birth (RR 0.92
[95% CI 0.85 to 0.99]) or caesarean section (CS) birth (RR 0.92 [95% CI 0.85 to 0.99]). If support
was given by non-hospital staff, the positive impact on spontaneous vaginal birth, instrumental
vaginal birth and caesarean birth remained, with RR of 1.12 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.18], 0.59 [95% CI
0.42 to 0.81] and 0.74 [95% CI 0.61 to 0.90], respectively.