The contemporary Buddhist-based communities in Thailand, as grassroots movements, are going in the right direction, as is the movement of Buddhist women as bhikkhuni, whose aim is to empower women, teach dhamma, and alleviate the suffering of women and children. The Buddhist-based community approaches are still limited attempts at structural reform as most of them are concerned with the micro-level of solving the immediate needs or the day-to-day problems of their communities. Macro level perspectives and praxis, therefore, are needed at the local, national, as well as transnational levels in order to construct a more serious Buddhist social ethics leading to Buddhist liberation theology. The Bhikkhuni movement, unlike the Buddhist-based communities, has a macro philosophical approach based in Buddhist philosophy and feminist liberation theory and is networking quite well internationally, yet it faces obstacles at the local and national levels due to male hegemony and institutionalize sexism in the Thai Buddhist clergy and community-at-large. Buddhist liberation theology is, therefore, the hope of Thai Buddhists to cope with contemporary problems at a structural level in Thai society. Of course, Thailand also has persons of other faiths such as Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, each of which has its own liberation theology. Buddhist Liberation Theology