Secondly, for each of the propositions developed above, a chi-square (v2) test was used to
examine whether the proportion of departments having the hypothesized MAS in each cell (i.e.,
each combination of interdependence and organization structure), as a proportion of all departments in that cell, was significantly higher (lower) than their average proportion across all cells. The following procedure to test the propositions was used. First, a 2 · 2 contingency table including the observed frequencies was developed for each MAS in each cell (see the numerical example provided in Table 6 where the observed frequencies are marked with bold numbers). The left column in Table 6 contains the observed number of departments having, and not having, the proposed MAS in the focal cell while the right column contains the observed number of departments having, and not having, the proposed MAS across all cells.