Articles were classified as ‘‘field’’ research if they (a) contained data collected in an applied (non-laboratory) setting for analysis in that article, (b) re analyzed data collected in an applied setting at an earlier time (excluding meta-analyses), or (c) collected survey or observational data that applied directly to the population observed/surveyed (e.g., drug use among employees). Experimental or correlational articles were classified as ‘‘laboratory’’ when data were collected in a laboratory or simulated setting, or if survey questions were not relevant to current setting (e.g., college students asked about preference for management style).