Inter comparison results revealed that discrepancies of thermodynamic surface variables the surface temperature, 2-m temperature, sensible and latent heat fluxes—among the five PBL schemes are large at daytime, and averages of the five experiments are closer to tower measurements than at nighttime; the variables converge at nighttime, but their values are much higher than those observed. On the other hand, surface friction velocity and 10-m wind speed are more divergent at the nighttime, and biases from observations are also larger than at the daytime. From these results, it was concluded that the representation of surface variables is still uncertain even with state-of-the-art PBL schemes, especially under stable conditions. Regarding diffusivity profiles, the diffusivities are different only in terms of their
magnitude for convective conditions, while for stable conditions they are different in terms
of both magnitude and maximum-diffusivity height. In regard to PBL structures, a non-local
scheme with the entrainment flux proportional to the surface flux is favourable under unstable
conditions. Under stable conditions, there is no PBL scheme that satisfactorily simulates the
SBL and upper inversion. However, the local TKE closure schemes perform better than the
first-order approaches.