Mangosteen fruits, Garcinia mangostana L. [Guttiferae], were mentioned in Chinese medicinal records dating back to the Ming dynasty (1360 to 1644 AD). Alpha- and γ-mangostins from G. mangostana are identified as bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory effects [27]. The anti-inflammatory mechanism appears to be inhibition of the conversion of arachadonic acid to prostaglandin (PG)E2 by COX [28,29] and blocking of inhibitor kappa-B kinase (IKK) activity. IKK prevents nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) dependent COX-2 gene transcription [30]. In addition, the γ-mangostin xanthone has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced activation of IKK, NFκB and human COX-2 gene promoter region dependent transcription, but had no effect on COX-1 [31]. Anti-inflammatory activity was also demonstrated in-vivo with γ-mangostin using the rat paw edema model [31].