Effect on behaviours of followers
Three studies investigated the effects of transformational leadership on two types of colleague behaviours: “the extent to which colleagues are prepared to engage in extra effort on behalf of their organization; and ‘organizational citizenship behaviour’ ” (Leithwood et al., p. 34). The MLQ and an adapted version of a 16 item questionnaire developed by Smith, as cited in Leithwood et al., were used to measure altruism, compliance and non-compliance with leaders’ suggestions. Leithwood reported “Transformational leadership as a composite was significantly but negatively related to non-compliance and passive management-by-exception was positively related to non-compliance” (p.34).