Managers work more on a micro level by planning, budgeting, and developing
organizational processes. They organize and identify teams, delegate and monitor duties and identify
predictable short-term objectives, thus being result-oriented. Managers are aware and engaged with
organizational vision and goals, and are interested in the day-to-day tactical decisions instead of the
strategic. By comparison, leaders are visionary, motivational, and work closely with employees to achieve common goals (Gokenbach, 2003). Managers organize, plan, and schedule available
resources through work processes, problem solving, and work scheduling, in order to produce with
efficiency (Toor & Ofori, 2008). Leaders tend to work with chaos, empowering employees and
generally work to change the status quo. This being said, the term “leadership” is often used with
regard to managers because they at times work to incorporate the organization’s macro, or “big
picture,” visionary elements into the workplace.