. The later of these two studies is the most trustworthy, because previous research has clearly
demonstrated that people are often poor at predicting and explaining their own behavior (Myers, 1990).
What people think and say they will do in a given situation is often different from what they actually do
(Freedman, 1969). On the other hand, people can accurately report their own attitudes and can accurately recount actions they have taken just moments before. Thus, the post dining, exit-interviews
that Bodvarsson and Gibson (1999) now criticize are actually better than the new methodology that they
employ. Bodvarsson and Gibson’s real contribution to the tipping literature is the earlier study
(Bodvarsson and Gibson, 1994) that they now disparage—it is not the study recently reported in this
journal (Bodvarsson and Gibson, 1999).