Southern China’s dogs harbor practically the full genetic diversity for mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes while other dog populations harbor just a subset of the universal gene pool [1–3]. In other words, southern China’s dogs have the richest genetic background among all dog populations worldwide, which might be expected to be reflected in a wide variety of phenotypes. Indeed, what might be conceived as the building blocks for much of the variation seen in today’s “heavily selectively bred” European dogs are found, in line with this being the region where dogs first developed from Wolves.