8. Conclusion:
In recent years it has been investigated that,
instead of traditional feed stocks (starch crops),
cellulosic biomass, including forest and industrial
residues, agriculture waste and municipal waste,
could be used as an ideally inexpensive and
sufficient amount of sugar for production of
ethanol by fermentation. Ethanol is comes into
traditional fuel for transportation in last decades.
Ethanol is less polluting and clean burning fuel.
This review highlights the potentiality of industrial
and forest waste, agriculture waste and municipal
waste with different pretreatment methods.
European Environment Agency assessed the
potential of biomass for producing energy could
increase into huge amount. Researchers mainly
concern about cheapest and unused available
resources to produce ethanol. Genetic engineering
also works to improve the efficiency of
microorganisms for increase yield as well as
minimum cost of production. Commonly Pichia
stipites and saccharomyces cerevisiae is used by
different researchers. Enzymatic hydrolysis may be
the most potent alternative process for
saccharification of complex polymer contains feed.
Forest, industrial wastes typically unused and
available in large amount. Agricultural waste is
renewable, less costly and available in nature.
Agriculture waste do not demand separate land,
water and energy requirement. They do not have
food value as well. Most of the municipal solid
waste contains starch, lignocellulos, hemicellulose
and sugar that are sufficient for fermentation.