Gap Years have numerous benefits, but typically the two most commonly cited reasons for taking a Gap Year are "a desire for increased self-awareness" and to address academic burnout. While much of the data currently cited is based on the UK and Australian models, pioneers in research such as Karl Haigler, Bob Clagett, and Nina Hoe, are now tracking in greater depth the objective benefits for US students taking a Gap Year. These benefits include things such as Paul Tough's work on non-cognitive educational value as predictors for success and the corollary results are proving quite impressive. Additional scholars' work that is being incorporated into the current research include Angela Duckworth, Ph.D. and Nobel Laureate James Heckman, Ph.D.