Investigators who have doggedly worked to improve islet transplantation have made tremendous strides. They have improved isolation methods, decreased
diabetogenic (arising from diabetes) immunosuppression, and designed minimally invasive implantation techniques. Nevertheless, several hurdles including a
replenishable cellular insulin source and finding safer and more effective treatments to prevent recurrent autoimmunity and/or allograft rejection need to be
overcome before this procedure can be considered a viable T1D therapy.