Sample orientation was kept constant in all texture analyzer tests.
Parameters measured included hardness (maximum force required
during the first compression), cohesiveness (ratio of the area under
the curves for the two-bite compression test), adhesiveness (measurement
of the attractive forces of the probe to the chocolate),
springiness (height that the food regains following the first bite),
gumminess (product of hardness and cohesiveness), and chewiness
(product of gumminess and springiness). These values represent
standard parameters and calculations as devised by Bourne (1982).