[33.1000] Requirements
[33.1001] In this KAM topic, all requirements are presented within this section and are not included in R boxes, as they are
in other KAM topics. In addition, relevant guidance which corresponds to these requirements is included in the section
titled "Guidance" and the appendices. This topic includes cross referencing between associated requirements and
guidance.
[33.1005] Evaluate the design and implementation of controls surrounding journal entries and other adjustments
(eAudIT activity 2.11.JE) [guidance at 33.2105]
[33.1010] We shall obtain an understanding of the information system, including the related business processes, relevant to
financial reporting, including evaluating the design and implementation of controls surrounding journal entries and other
adjustments. Controls surrounding journal entries and other adjustments address standard journal entries, non-standard
journal entries used to record non-recurring, unusual transactions or adjustments, and other adjustments made during the
financial statement closing process, and include any anti-fraud controls over the risk of management override of controls
over journal entries and other adjustments. [Source: ISA 315.18(f)] [Source: ISA 315.29]
[33.1015] Determine the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments (eAudIT activity 4.6.1)
[guidance at 33.2200]
[33.1020] Management is in a unique position to perpetrate fraud because of management's ability to manipulate
accounting records and prepare fraudulent financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to be
operating effectively. Although the risk of management override of controls will vary from entity to entity, the risk is
nevertheless present in all entities. Due to the unpredictable way in which such override could occur, it is a fraud risk and
thus a significant risk. Accordingly, as part of our responses that address fraud risks, we shall perform the procedures
described in KAM 33.1025 to 33.1125 to specifically address the risk of management override of controls. [Source: ISA 240.31]
[33.1025] We shall determine, and document our rationale for, the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other
adjustments.
[33.1030] As part of determining the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments we shall make
inquiries of individuals involved in the financial reporting process about inappropriate or unusual activity relating to the
processing of journal entries and other adjustments. These inquiries shall include whether there were: [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(i)]
- apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [requirements at KAM 33.1110][guidance at
KAM 33.2650]
- test identified high-risk journal entries [requirements at KAM 33.1120][guidance at KAM 33.2665]
• examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process.
[requirements at KAM 33.1130][guidance at KAM 33.2705]
• the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period
• the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reporting period, and
• post-closing entries.
• journal entries or other adjustments recorded without adequate support or explanation
• any instances of overrides of controls over the recording of journal entries or other adjustments
• journal entries or other adjustments initiated by management outside the normal course of
033 - Journal entries
© 2015 KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG
International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm visàvis
third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.
Page 5 / 28
[33.1035] We shall document our rationale in the unusual circumstances when we do not determine any high-risk criteria.
[33.1040] Test high-risk journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of the reporting period (eAudIT
activity 4.6.1) [guidance at 33.2510]
[33.1045] Evaluate the completeness of the relevant population [guidance at 33.2510]
[33.1050] We shall design and perform audit procedures to test the appropriateness of journal entries recorded in the
general ledger and other adjustments made in the preparation of the financial statements. Because fraudulent journal
entries and other adjustments are often made at the end of a reporting period, in designing and performing audit
procedures for such tests, we shall select journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of a reporting period.
[Source: ISA 240.32(a), Source: ISA 240.32(a)(ii)]
[33.1055] We shall:
[33.1060] We shall document the procedures performed and approach used to determine the completeness of the relevant
population of journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of the reporting period.
[33.1065] Apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [guidance at 33.2545]
[33.1070] We shall apply the high-risk criteria (determined at KAM 33.1025) to the relevant population of journal entries and
other adjustments made at the end of the reporting period in order to identify high-risk journal entries and other
adjustments.
[33.1075] Test identified high-risk journal entries and other adjustments [guidance at 33.2535]
[33.1080] We shall test all high-risk journal entries and other adjustments identified at the end of the reporting period for
evidence of possible material misstatement.
[33.1085] Test high-risk journal entries made throughout the period, if relevant (eAudIT activity 4.6.1) [guidance
at 33.2610]
[33.1090] Evaluate the completeness of the relevant population [guidance at 33.2610]
[33.1095] We shall design and perform audit procedures to test the appropriateness of journal entries recorded in the
general ledger and other adjustments made in the preparation of the financial statements. Because material
misstatements in financial statements due to fraud can occur throughout the period and may involve extensive efforts to
conceal how the fraud is accomplished, in designing and performing audit procedures for such tests, we shall consider the
need to test journal entries throughout the period. [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(iii)]
[33.1100] We shall:
[33.1105] We shall document the procedures performed and approach used to determine the completeness of the relevant
business.
• identify the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reporting
period
• document the rationale for the relevant population
• obtain a listing of the relevant population, and
• evaluate the completeness of that listing.
• identify the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period
• document the rationale for the relevant population
• obtain a listing of the relevant population, and
• evaluate the completeness of that listing.
033 - Journal entries
© 2015 KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG
International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm visàvis
third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.
Page 6 / 28
population of journal entries made throughout the period.
[33.1110] Apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [guidance at 33.2655]
[33.1115] We shall apply the high-risk criteria (determined at KAM 33.1025) to the relevant population in order to identify
high-risk journal entries.
[33.1120] Test identified high-risk journal entries [guidance at 33.2670]
[33.1125] We shall test all high-risk journal entries identified throughout the period for evidence of possible material
misstatement.
[33.1130] Examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process (eAudIT
activity 4.6.1) [guidance at 33.2705]
[33.1135] Our substantive procedures shall include the following audit procedures related to the financial statement closing
process: [ISA 330.20]
[33.2000] Guidance
[33.2001] In this KAM topic, relevant guidance is included within this section and corresponds to the requirements
presented in the section titled "Requirements". Additional guidance is included in the appendices. This topic includes
cross referencing between associated requirements and guidance.
[33.2005] Populations of journal entries and other adjustments
[33.2010] Material misstatement of financial statements due to fraud often involves the manipulation of the financial reporting
process by recording inappropriate or unauthorized journal entries or other adjustments. This may occur throughout the
period or at the end of the reporting period, or by management making adjustments to amounts reported in the financial
statements that are not reflected in journal entries, such as through consolidating adjustments and reclassifications (for
example, entries posted directly to financial statement drafts). [Source: ISA 240.A41]
[33.2015] The requirements and guidance in this topic distinguish between journal entries and other adjustments as well as
among various sub-populations within journal entries and other adjustments. For the purposes of this topic these items are
separately identified and defined in the Definitions section beginning at KAM 33.6000. However, in practice sub-populations
may be combined. In addition, when relevant, the identification of the dividing line between sub-populations requires
professional judgment and so the guidance needs to be applied to the particular circumstances of the entity being audited.
[33.2020] For the purpose of this topic, we consider that journal entries and other adjustments
[33.1000] Requirements[33.1001] In this KAM topic, all requirements are presented within this section and are not included in R boxes, as they arein other KAM topics. In addition, relevant guidance which corresponds to these requirements is included in the sectiontitled "Guidance" and the appendices. This topic includes cross referencing between associated requirements andguidance.[33.1005] Evaluate the design and implementation of controls surrounding journal entries and other adjustments(eAudIT activity 2.11.JE) [guidance at 33.2105][33.1010] We shall obtain an understanding of the information system, including the related business processes, relevant tofinancial reporting, including evaluating the design and implementation of controls surrounding journal entries and otheradjustments. Controls surrounding journal entries and other adjustments address standard journal entries, non-standardjournal entries used to record non-recurring, unusual transactions or adjustments, and other adjustments made during thefinancial statement closing process, and include any anti-fraud controls over the risk of management override of controlsover journal entries and other adjustments. [Source: ISA 315.18(f)] [Source: ISA 315.29][33.1015] Determine the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments (eAudIT activity 4.6.1)[guidance at 33.2200][33.1020] Management is in a unique position to perpetrate fraud because of management's ability to manipulateaccounting records and prepare fraudulent financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to beoperating effectively. Although the risk of management override of controls will vary from entity to entity, the risk isnevertheless present in all entities. Due to the unpredictable way in which such override could occur, it is a fraud risk andthus a significant risk. Accordingly, as part of our responses that address fraud risks, we shall perform the proceduresdescribed in KAM 33.1025 to 33.1125 to specifically address the risk of management override of controls. [Source: ISA 240.31][33.1025] We shall determine, and document our rationale for, the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and otheradjustments.[33.1030] As part of determining the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments we shall makeinquiries of individuals involved in the financial reporting process about inappropriate or unusual activity relating to theprocessing of journal entries and other adjustments. These inquiries shall include whether there were: [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(i)]- apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [requirements at KAM 33.1110][guidance atKAM 33.2650]- test identified high-risk journal entries [requirements at KAM 33.1120][guidance at KAM 33.2665]• examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process.[requirements at KAM 33.1130][guidance at KAM 33.2705]• the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period• the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reporting period, and• post-closing entries.• journal entries or other adjustments recorded without adequate support or explanation• any instances of overrides of controls over the recording of journal entries or other adjustments• journal entries or other adjustments initiated by management outside the normal course of033 - Journal entries© 2015 KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMGInternational. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm visàvisthird parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.Page 5 / 28[33.1035] We shall document our rationale in the unusual circumstances when we do not determine any high-risk criteria.[33.1040] Test high-risk journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of the reporting period (eAudITactivity 4.6.1) [guidance at 33.2510][33.1045] Evaluate the completeness of the relevant population [guidance at 33.2510][33.1050] We shall design and perform audit procedures to test the appropriateness of journal entries recorded in thegeneral ledger and other adjustments made in the preparation of the financial statements. Because fraudulent journalentries and other adjustments are often made at the end of a reporting period, in designing and performing auditprocedures for such tests, we shall select journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of a reporting period.[Source: ISA 240.32(a), Source: ISA 240.32(a)(ii)][33.1055] We shall:[33.1060] We shall document the procedures performed and approach used to determine the completeness of the relevantpopulation of journal entries and other adjustments made at the end of the reporting period.[33.1065] Apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [guidance at 33.2545][33.1070] We shall apply the high-risk criteria (determined at KAM 33.1025) to the relevant population of journal entries andother adjustments made at the end of the reporting period in order to identify high-risk journal entries and otheradjustments.[33.1075] Test identified high-risk journal entries and other adjustments [guidance at 33.2535][33.1080] We shall test all high-risk journal entries and other adjustments identified at the end of the reporting period forevidence of possible material misstatement.[33.1085] Test high-risk journal entries made throughout the period, if relevant (eAudIT activity 4.6.1) [guidanceat 33.2610][33.1090] Evaluate the completeness of the relevant population [guidance at 33.2610][33.1095] We shall design and perform audit procedures to test the appropriateness of journal entries recorded in thegeneral ledger and other adjustments made in the preparation of the financial statements. Because materialmisstatements in financial statements due to fraud can occur throughout the period and may involve extensive efforts toconceal how the fraud is accomplished, in designing and performing audit procedures for such tests, we shall consider theneed to test journal entries throughout the period. [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(iii)][33.1100] We shall:[33.1105] We shall document the procedures performed and approach used to determine the completeness of the relevantbusiness.• identify the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reportingperiod• document the rationale for the relevant population• obtain a listing of the relevant population, and• evaluate the completeness of that listing.• identify the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period• document the rationale for the relevant population• obtain a listing of the relevant population, and• evaluate the completeness of that listing.033 - Journal entries© 2015 KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMGInternational. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm visàvisthird parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.
Page 6 / 28
population of journal entries made throughout the period.
[33.1110] Apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [guidance at 33.2655]
[33.1115] We shall apply the high-risk criteria (determined at KAM 33.1025) to the relevant population in order to identify
high-risk journal entries.
[33.1120] Test identified high-risk journal entries [guidance at 33.2670]
[33.1125] We shall test all high-risk journal entries identified throughout the period for evidence of possible material
misstatement.
[33.1130] Examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process (eAudIT
activity 4.6.1) [guidance at 33.2705]
[33.1135] Our substantive procedures shall include the following audit procedures related to the financial statement closing
process: [ISA 330.20]
[33.2000] Guidance
[33.2001] In this KAM topic, relevant guidance is included within this section and corresponds to the requirements
presented in the section titled "Requirements". Additional guidance is included in the appendices. This topic includes
cross referencing between associated requirements and guidance.
[33.2005] Populations of journal entries and other adjustments
[33.2010] Material misstatement of financial statements due to fraud often involves the manipulation of the financial reporting
process by recording inappropriate or unauthorized journal entries or other adjustments. This may occur throughout the
period or at the end of the reporting period, or by management making adjustments to amounts reported in the financial
statements that are not reflected in journal entries, such as through consolidating adjustments and reclassifications (for
example, entries posted directly to financial statement drafts). [Source: ISA 240.A41]
[33.2015] The requirements and guidance in this topic distinguish between journal entries and other adjustments as well as
among various sub-populations within journal entries and other adjustments. For the purposes of this topic these items are
separately identified and defined in the Definitions section beginning at KAM 33.6000. However, in practice sub-populations
may be combined. In addition, when relevant, the identification of the dividing line between sub-populations requires
professional judgment and so the guidance needs to be applied to the particular circumstances of the entity being audited.
[33.2020] For the purpose of this topic, we consider that journal entries and other adjustments
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