Here, our objective was to determine the
effects of shade on photosynthesis related characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of these two
types. In both types, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate
increased with decreasing irradiance from 100% to 20%, while both maximum and variable fluorescence
showed a steady increase, and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching indexes declined