The results of the comprehensive literature review
revealed that it is of utmost importance to identify pediatric
oncology patients at risk of TLS, not only because TLS is preventable but also because of its potentially lifethreatening
consequences. Early recognition of risk factors,
close monitoring of at-risk patients, and prompt,
appropriate interventions for those who develop this syndrome
are the keys to preventing or managing TLS.
Based on the results of the literature review, the signs and
symptoms associated with TLS are shown in Figure 1.
The evaluation of patient risk factors for TLS and the
appropriate medical and nursing assessment are shown in
Table 1. The treatment algorithm for the prevention and
management of TLS are shown in Tables 2 and 3,
respectively.