Consequently, whilst human milk feeding is critical to better outcomes in HIV-exposed preterm neonates, it may involve
the risk of HIV transmission despite ARV prophylaxis. It may be advisable to complement infant PEEP and maternal cART
to further reduce transmission risk. Consideration should be given to heat treatment of the infant’s own mother’s milk or
feeding with human milk from an HIV-negative donor at least temporarily whilst feeds are being established and preterm
gut matures in the first few weeks of life. Over-reliance on donated human milk should be discouraged, as this does not
facilitate sustained breastfeeding after discharge whilst heat treatment of own mother’s milk does.