equilibrium, the temperature must change from Tv to Tu. Thus, moving along
the lines of two co-existing phases, we have only one degree of freedom.”
“You can imagine walking along a border between two countries. What
will you see on each side?”
“The two countries,” said the class in unison.
“Right, but here when you ‘walk’ on the border, you see two phases instead
of two countries. We can change one of the variables—either the temperature or the pressure — and the
second will be determined
by the curve, as shown in
the amplified section of the
phase diagram.” (Fig. 2.4)
“Physical chemists have
found a remarkable connection
between the slopes of
these curves and the properties
of the two phases at
equilibrium. The theoretical
dependence between the
pressure and the temperature
along the co-existing
phases reveals a host of
important and interesting
properties of the phases.”
“We note here that in the
phase diagram of carbon
dioxide (Fig. 2.5), the slopes
of the three curves make an
acute angle — i.e., an angle
less than 90 degrees—with
respect to the left-to-right
direction of the x-axis. (An
acute angle is referred to as
equilibrium, the temperature must change from Tv to Tu. Thus, moving alongthe lines of two co-existing phases, we have only one degree of freedom.”“You can imagine walking along a border between two countries. Whatwill you see on each side?”“The two countries,” said the class in unison.“Right, but here when you ‘walk’ on the border, you see two phases insteadof two countries. We can change one of the variables—either the temperature or the pressure — and thesecond will be determinedby the curve, as shown inthe amplified section of thephase diagram.” (Fig. 2.4)“Physical chemists havefound a remarkable connectionbetween the slopes ofthese curves and the propertiesof the two phases atequilibrium. The theoreticaldependence between thepressure and the temperaturealong the co-existingphases reveals a host ofimportant and interestingproperties of the phases.”“We note here that in thephase diagram of carbondioxide (Fig. 2.5), the slopesof the three curves make anacute angle — i.e., an angleless than 90 degrees—withrespect to the left-to-rightdirection of the x-axis. (Anacute angle is referred to as
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