Figure 5 shows both node and the connection expiration
times due to the lack of battery.
For the expiration time of nodes, we can get similar results
with that of the dense network. Thus, the MMBCR selecting
the route based on the remaining energy have advantage of delaying
the time when nodes pass away, especially, when the
overhearing is not considered. However, from the aspect of
the expiration time of connections, the MTPR and the MMBCR
show similar results irrespective of the overhearing due
to the reduced number of available routes. The limited number
of routes available forces the two protocols to select the same
route most of the time. Therefore, the protocols behave similar
in terms of the hop count, the mean connection expiration time,
the throughput and the end-to-end delay (see Table V).