Vygotsky's theory presents three principles:
1. Making meaning - the community places a central role, and the people around the student greatly affect the way he or she sees the world.
2. Tools for cognitive development - the type and quality of these tools (culture, language, important adults to the student) determine the pattern and rate of development.
3. The Zone of Proximal Development - problem solving skills of tasks can be placed into three categories: Those performed independently by the learner. Those that cannot be performed even with help. Those that fall between the two extremes, the tasks that can be performed with help from others.
Seymour Papert
· Mathetics—the art of learning.
· Guidelines for the art of learning. First principle-Give yourself time. Second principle-discussion. Third principle-look for connections.
· The building of knowledge is the goal. Decrease amount of teaching and increase student projects.