For the non-solvent process, the pH of the starch hydrolyzate is adjusted to the
optimum pH before adding the enzyme. Starch concentration is usually 15%. At
higher concentrations, the yield of cyclodextrins decreases. At lower concentrations,
the amount of cyclodextrins per unit weight of the starch increases, but the yield per
unit volume of the reaction decreases. It is economically benefi cial to utilize more
starch than to recover a smaller amount of cyclodextrin per unit volume.