the following process therefore appear to be involved in comphrehension
1. The listener takes in raw speech and holds an image of it in short-term memory.
2. An attempt is made to organize what was heard in constituents, identifying their content and function.
3. As constituents are identified, they are used to construct propositions, grouping the propositions together to form a coherent message.
4. Once the listener has identified and reconstructed the propositional meanings, these are held in long-term memory, and the form in which the message was originally received is deleted.