Oxford emphasizes the importance of associations in memory strategy for vocabulary since the specific memory
strategies that Oxford (1990, cited in Nation 1990) mentions consolidate the connection between word form and
meaning in memory. Oxford’s specific memory strategies are:
1) grouping language material into meaningful units
2) associating new language information to concept already in memory
3) placing new words into a context, such as a meaningful sentence, conversation or story
4) using semantic mapping
5) using keywords with auditory and/or visual links
6) representing sounds in memory in such a way that they can be linked with a target language word in order to
remember it better
7) using mechanical techniques, such as writing words on cards and moving cards from one stack to another when
a new word is learned.