2.2.2.2. Wide angle X-ray diffraction. Wide angle X-ray diffraction
(XRD) analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of the fiber
on crystallization behavior of R-LDPE. A 2q range from 5 to 35 in
reflection mode was scanned at a 2/min. A computer-controlled
wide angle goniometer coupled to a sealed-tube source of Cu Ka
radiation (l ¼ 1.54056 A) was used. The Cu Ka line was filtered
electronically with a usual thin Ni filter.
2.2.2.3. Differential scanning calorimeter. Differential scanning
calorimeter (DSC), Perkin Elmer with a heating rate of 10 C/min
under nitrogen atmosphere was used for the determination of the
glass transition temperatures and to study the crystallization and
melting behavior of composites.
2.2.2.4. Mechanical properties of the prepared composites. The
prepared composites were subjected to the following
measurements:
2.2.2.4.1. Tensile testing. Tensile strength of the prepared specimens
was tested according to the ASTM D638-91 standard using a
universal testing machine LK10k (Hants, UK) fitted with a 5 kN load
cell, and operated at a rate of 5 mm/min.
2.2.2.4.2. Hardness. The hardness tests of the composites were
carried out using a Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine. The tests
were conducted following ASTM D785.
2.2.2.5. Scanning electron microscopy. Fracture surfaces of composite
specimens were investigated via SEM with a JEOL JXA-840A
electron probe microanalyzer (Tokyo, Japan). The samples were
coated with a thin layer of gold before SEM with an S1SoA Edward,
sputter coater (Crawley, UK). The SEM of corn husk fibers were
taken using FEI INSPECTS Company, Philips, Holland environmental
scanning without coating.
2.2.2.2. Wide angle X-ray diffraction. Wide angle X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of the fiberon crystallization behavior of R-LDPE. A 2q range from 5 to 35 inreflection mode was scanned at a 2/min. A computer-controlledwide angle goniometer coupled to a sealed-tube source of Cu Karadiation (l ¼ 1.54056 A) was used. The Cu Ka line was filteredelectronically with a usual thin Ni filter.2.2.2.3. Differential scanning calorimeter. Differential scanningcalorimeter (DSC), Perkin Elmer with a heating rate of 10 C/minunder nitrogen atmosphere was used for the determination of theglass transition temperatures and to study the crystallization andmelting behavior of composites.2.2.2.4. Mechanical properties of the prepared composites. Theprepared composites were subjected to the followingmeasurements:2.2.2.4.1. Tensile testing. Tensile strength of the prepared specimenswas tested according to the ASTM D638-91 standard using auniversal testing machine LK10k (Hants, UK) fitted with a 5 kN loadcell, and operated at a rate of 5 mm/min.2.2.2.4.2. Hardness. The hardness tests of the composites werecarried out using a Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine. The testswere conducted following ASTM D785.2.2.2.5. Scanning electron microscopy. Fracture surfaces of compositespecimens were investigated via SEM with a JEOL JXA-840Aelectron probe microanalyzer (Tokyo, Japan). The samples werecoated with a thin layer of gold before SEM with an S1SoA Edward,sputter coater (Crawley, UK). The SEM of corn husk fibers weretaken using FEI INSPECTS Company, Philips, Holland environmentalscanning without coating.
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