Results obtained after the culturing of swabs indicated that most areas within emergency vehicles were contaminated with bacteria. Figure 1 shows the total number of sites in emergency vehicles that were positive for bacterial contamination before and after cleaning. Before cleaning, almost 61% of all sites swabbed had bacteria present. After cleaning, this figure was reduced to about 35%. Although, after cleaning,most swab sites demonstrated a reduction in bacterial count, there were still many contaminated sites and there was evidence of fresh contamination in or on some sites. For example, 33.4% of steering wheels were contaminated before cleaning (table 1), but 41.7% were contaminated afterwards (table 2).