The first Indian immigrants to the Malay Peninsula began arriving in the 3rd century B.C. Around the birth of Christ, they had established , according to Chinese records of the time, 10 city-states-the most important being Nakhon Si Thammarat .
When the Mons , a people originally from southern Chaia, migrated to the Mae Nam Chao Phraya Basin, they took over civilized areas as well as Indian ideas of religion and handicraft. They also established the kingdom of Dvaraviti at Nakhon Oathom in the sixth century. Later, they expanded north to Haripunjaya ( now Lamphun ) , south into the Malay Peninsula, and west into Burma, Where they founded an important state at Pegu.
The Khmers, who were relatives of the Mons, settled in the Lower Mekong and expanded east . In a ninth century wat, they overpowered the Mons in the Central Plains. Like the Mons, the Khmers adopted Indian customs and laws. The King’s authority was identified by sacred powers and displayed during public ceremonies.
Khmer power peaked in the 11th century, until King Anawrahta of Burma pushed them form his country and even briefly occupied the Central Plains. But the Khmers still controlled much of Thailand through outposts at Lop Buri and Phimai. They also controlled states in the south. But in the early 13th century, a revolt in the west signaled the rise of anew group that replaced the Khmers at the center of Thai history – the people of Sukhothai.
The first Indian immigrants to the Malay Peninsula began arriving in the 3rd century B.C. Around the birth of Christ, they had established , according to Chinese records of the time, 10 city-states-the most important being Nakhon Si Thammarat .
When the Mons , a people originally from southern Chaia, migrated to the Mae Nam Chao Phraya Basin, they took over civilized areas as well as Indian ideas of religion and handicraft. They also established the kingdom of Dvaraviti at Nakhon Oathom in the sixth century. Later, they expanded north to Haripunjaya ( now Lamphun ) , south into the Malay Peninsula, and west into Burma, Where they founded an important state at Pegu.
The Khmers, who were relatives of the Mons, settled in the Lower Mekong and expanded east . In a ninth century wat, they overpowered the Mons in the Central Plains. Like the Mons, the Khmers adopted Indian customs and laws. The King’s authority was identified by sacred powers and displayed during public ceremonies.
Khmer power peaked in the 11th century, until King Anawrahta of Burma pushed them form his country and even briefly occupied the Central Plains. But the Khmers still controlled much of Thailand through outposts at Lop Buri and Phimai. They also controlled states in the south. But in the early 13th century, a revolt in the west signaled the rise of anew group that replaced the Khmers at the center of Thai history – the people of Sukhothai.
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