Level of bonding or closeness with a parent has also been shown to moderate the association between maternal-BMI and daughter-BMI and parental and adolescent weight-related behaviors. In contrast, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Crossman and colleagues found that a higher degree of closeness with a parent was associated with greater risk for excess weight gain among males, but not females. Our study builds on these findings by using a broad definition of parent-adolescent relationship that includes numerous aspects of the rela tionship and by providing insight into how the father adolescent relationship that insight into how the father-adolescent relationship may be associated with adolescent weight and related behaviors, which was not explored in these existing studies