There are, even in this early period, other languages that influence English. There is trade (and wars) with the rest of Europe, resulting in contact with Dutch, German, Italian, and Spanish. Early on, Jewish settlers from France and Germany came to England but were expelled in 1290. In the later Middle Ages, Spain rules large parts of Europe and persecutes
certain religious groups (during the reigns of Henry V and Philip II); this results in moves to England, which was not part of the Spanish Empire. In cities such as Norwich in East Anglia, a third of the population was foreign, mainly Dutch and Flemish, attracted by the wool trade.