Karl A. Muller III, Edward J. Riedl and Thorsten Sellhorn, ‘Mandatory fair value accounting and information asymmetry: evidence from the European real estate industry’, look at the effects on information asymmetries, measured by bid-ask spreads, of disclosure of the fair value of investment properties on mandatory adoption of IFRS in accordance with IAS 40, Investment Property. The sample comprises an average of 86 property investment firms (9% non-EU) each year for the period 2003–2007. It covers 14 European countries (two non-EU: Norway and Switzerland).